ContextKeynote at the International Conference on Finance in Warsaw, held for the 20th anniversary of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF).
Why it mattersThe ESMA Chair presents the market integration package as possibly the biggest EU market reform since the post-crisis years.
- Fewer companies list on public markets and more delist.
- The EU lags other major markets in depth and scale.
- Retail investors lack confidence to invest.
- Adopt the market integration and supervision package.
- Give legal certainty to DLT-based market infrastructures.
- Make the investor journey simpler for retail savers.
Read the speech summary
1. Poland as an example
At an international finance conference in Warsaw marking 20 years of Poland's financial supervisor, ESMA Chair Verena Ross traced how Polish capital markets were built from scratch three decades ago through new laws, infrastructure and supervision. The Warsaw exchange now lists over 400 companies, is the largest in Central and Eastern Europe, and foreign investors make up nearly three-quarters of trading, which she credits to bold privatisation and market policies, EU membership and its common investor-protection rules, and strong national oversight that turned those rules into local confidence.
2. Europe's weaknesses
EU reforms on listing rules, company data access, consolidated trading data and settlement in one day from October 2027 help, but she points to fewer listings, more delistings, limited investment capacity and fragmentation that some estimate has cost trillions of euros of output. Retail and institutional investment remain too small to meet Europe's long-term needs, from defence spending to the climate and digital shifts, which also means lost opportunities for savers: Polish households save about 10% of income and invest about 5%, well below EU averages of roughly 15% and 9%. Earlier reforms, however successful, are therefore not enough, and she calls for renewed ambition.
3. The integration package
She welcomes the savings and investments union and its market integration and supervision package, which could be the most important market reform since the post-crisis era. EU-level supervision would suit truly pan-European players such as large trading venues, clearing houses, securities depositories and crypto firms, provided the criteria are realistic and ESMA works closely with national authorities while having the means to act independently. Common rules must produce common outcomes, which requires convergence tools and consistent supervision, plus cooperation arrangements tailored to each sector that avoid duplication. The package would also harmonise trading rules, allow trading groups to operate under one licence, link securities depositories through a hub model with standardised connections, and make the pilot regime for distributed-ledger infrastructure more usable so that tokenised markets can grow beyond trials.
4. Simpler rules
She stresses lighter reporting for firms and funds, an easier path for retail investors and risk-based supervision, noting Poland's supervisor has also removed national add-ons. Safeguards must stay, but the system must become leaner and more agile, combining national expertise with European ambition.